By Pat Keegan and Amy Wheeless
Late winter and early spring are great times to think about changes you want to make to your home’s landscape. While the goal of most lawn and garden projects is to bring beauty to your outdoor space, a well-designed project can also improve your energy bill, increase the overall value of your home and provide additional benefits, such as reduced noise pollution, optimized water use and cleaner air around your home.
The two best strategies for improving the energy efficiency of your home with landscaping are incorporating shading in the summer and wind blocking in the winter.
Summer shading
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, shading your home is the most cost-effective way to reduce heat gain from the sun and reduce your air conditioning costs in the summer. Having more plants and trees in your yard can reduce the air temperature by up to 6 degrees.
Deciduous trees on the south and west sides of your home can deflect hot summer sun. Photo Credit: Alan Davey /flickr.com
Planting deciduous trees on the south, southwest and west sides of your home can reduce heating during hot summer months, while allowing sunlight through during the fall and winter when the trees lose their leaves. When planting trees, consider the expected shape and height of the mature trees and where they will shade your home. A tree with a high mature height planted on the south side of a home, for example, will provide all-day roof shading in the summer, while a lower tree on the west side of your home can protect your home from the lower afternoon sun.
Plant trees an appropriate distance away from your home so they do not disrupt your foundation or roof as they grow. While it will be five to 10 years before a newly planted tree will begin providing shade to your roof, it can start shading windows immediately. Incorporate other plants to provide near-term shade. Shrubs, bushes and vines can quickly shade windows and walls.
Also consider any paved areas around your home and how you can shade them during the summer. Think about walking across your driveway barefoot on a hot July afternoon — if your driveway or patio is unshaded, it is probably quite difficult. That absorbed heat is also reflecting onto your home, causing your air conditioner to work even harder. You can use trees, hedges and other landscaping structures such as arbors to shade these paved areas.
Your home’s climate zone will dictate the best energy efficiency landscaping strategy. Photo Credit: U.S. Department of Energy
Wind-blocking techniques
If your home is in an open area without many structures around it, cold winter winds may increase your heating bills. A windbreak on your property can help deflect these winds over your home. The most common type of windbreak uses a combination of conifer (evergreen) trees and shrubs to block wind from the ground to the top of your home. For the best windbreak effect, plant these features on the north and northwest sides of your home at a distance of between two and five times the height of the mature trees. Incorporating a wall or fence can further assist with the wind break.
Another insulating technique is to plant shrubs and bushes closer to your home, but at least 1 foot away. The space between these plants and your home is “dead air space,” which helps insulate your home during winter and summer months.
Regardless of where you are located, if you live near powerlines, talk with your electric co-op about how far away newly planted trees should be from these lines before making any final design decisions to your yard.
This column was co-written by Pat Keegan and Amy Wheeless of Collaborative Efficiency.